从句

名词性从句

Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday.

转换为疑问句

  • 方法
    • 将句中需要提问的部分替换为相应的疑问代词，并将其至于居首，将助动词放在疑问代词后面，并将处于句尾的句号改为问号。
  • 例子
    • What will Tome do next Tuesday?
    • Who will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday?
    • Where will Tom go for work by plane next Tuesday?
    • How will Tom go to Shanghai for work next Tuesday?
    • When will Tom go to Shanghai for work by plane?

转换为从句

  • 方法1
    • 将句中需要提问的部分替换为相应的疑问代词，并将其至于居首。
  • 例子
    • Everyone cares for what Tom will do next Tuesday.
    • Who will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday surprises Tom.
    • Everyone knows where Tom will go for work by plane next Tuesday.
    • Nobody considers how Tom will go to Shanghai for work next Tuesday desirable.
    • When Tom will go to Shanghai for work next Tuesday has not yet been announced.
  • 方法2
    • 直接将引导词居于居首，that作宾语可省略，if和wheatear通常能替换，if引导的名词性从句不能作主语
  • 例子
    • Everyone knows (that) Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday.
    • Whether Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday has not yet been announced.
    • The problem is if Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday.

it：形式主语和形式宾语

为避免句子头重脚轻，理解难度较大，使用it来替换句子中的主语和宾语。

Whether Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday has not yet been announced.
将it置于主语位置，将原来的主语置于句尾。
It has not yet been announced whether Tom will go to Shanghai for work by plane next Tuesday.

Nobody considers how Tom will go to Shanghai for work next Tuesday desirable.
将it置于宾语位置，将原来的宾语置于句尾。
Nobody considers it desirable how Tom will go to Shanghai for work next Tuesday.

定语从句

The girl was in red. The girl broke the glass.

转换为从句

  • 将句中需要提问的部分替换为相应的疑问代词，并将其至于居首。
    • The girl who was in red broke the glass.

定语从句的省略

当定语从句是主+系+表结构，且引导词为who/which/that时，可以通过省略引导词和be动词来简化句子。

  • The girl (who was) in red broke the glass.
  • I' m working in the building, which was built last year.

如果谓语不是be动词，则先改为be动词，再省略：

  1. The company has introduced a new insurance plan that costs just $150 per person per month.
  2. The company has introduced a new insurance plan that is costing just $150 per person per month.
  3. The company has introduced a new insurance plan costing just $150 per person per month.

引导词

引导词 替代对象 注意
who 人  
whom 人 专用于书面语中替换宾语、介宾
which 物  
that 人或物  
where 地点  
when 时间  
whose 所有格  

当引导词是who/whom/that/which，且替换的是宾语或介宾时，引导词可省略

状语从句

状语从句是能够当作副词使用的从句，结构为：状语从句 = 从属连词 + 简单句。

从属连词

属性 连词 例子
时间 when
while
befor
after
since		 After teacher went outside, he told us answer.
条件 if
even if
as loong as		 If you see Shelly, give her this backpack.
原因 because
as
since		 I usually eat at home as I like cooking.
对比 although
even though
whereas
while		 Although I'm bad at football, it's fun to play.

当从句位于主句前，通常用逗号将之隔开。

状语从句的省略

如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，则省略从句的主语和之后的be动词：

  • While (I was) reading this book, I picked up more than one hundred printing mistakes.
  • As (she is) a doctor, she sees people facing death every day.

如果谓语不是be动词，则先改为be动词，再省略：

  1. Before he went for work, Tom took a shower.
  2. Before he was going for work, Tom took a shower.
  3. Before going for work, Tom took a shower.

并列句

并列句是多个单词、短语或句子的并列。

并列连词

属性 连词 例子
原因 for It's cold today, for it snowed last night.
共同 and I like apples and oranges.
都不 nor Neither John nor Mary is coming to the party.
转折 but I wanted to go to the beach, but it started to rain.
选择 or Do you want tea or coffee?
相反 yet She is very smart yet she never brags about it.
因果 so He didn't study for the exam, so he didn't pass.
选择 either or The picture is either an original or an excellent copy.
都不 neither nor Neither I nor she agreed with John.
递进 not olny but also I not ony talked with him but also got his signature.
共同 both and Both Tom and Mary like English.

but & yet

I wanted to go to the beach, but it started to rain. 和 I wanted to go to go the beach, yet it started to rain. 这两个句子在结构上非常相似，都表达了想要去海滩的愿望与下雨这一现实之间的对比。然而，使用 but 和 yet 作为并列连词时，语气和强调点有细微的差别。

  1. 使用 but：

    But 在这里强调了愿望与现实之间的直接对比。它通常用来指出两个相反或矛盾的情况。在这个句子中，but 强调了尽管有去海滩的愿望，但下雨这一事实阻止了这个愿望的实现。

  2. 使用 yet：

    Yet 通常用于表示尽管存在某种情况，但另一种情况仍然成立。它有时用于强调意外或不寻常的对比。在这个句子中，使用 yet 可能会给人一种感觉，即尽管下雨了（这通常会阻止人们去海滩），但说话者仍然想要去海滩，或者在某种程度上，下雨并没有完全消除去海滩的愿望。

总的来说，but 更直接地表达了对比和矛盾，而 yet 则可能带有一种尽管有障碍，但愿望仍然存在的意味。在实际使用中，这种差别可能很微妙，有时可以根据个人的风格和句子的具体语境来选择使用哪一个连词。

比较句

比较句是并列句省略后的产物。

连词 属性 例子
as…as.. 第一个as副词，第二个as连词 Jay studies as hard as his brother (studyies).
than 连词，比 Jay studies hard than his brother (studyies).

并列句的省略

  • We desire happiness and (we desire) health.